On World Diabetes Day, Nov. 14, experts call for stepped-up prevention, better patient care
Washington, D.C. —
Diabetes has become a leading cause of death and disability in the
Region of the Americas, and if current trends continue, the burden of
the disease will increase substantially over the next two decades,
according to experts at the Pan American Health Organization/World
Health Organization (PAHO/WHO).
On November 14, PAHO/WHO will celebrate World Diabetes Day to raise
awareness of the impact of diabetes and encourage improvements in
prevention and care for the disease.
“Diabetes has reached epidemic proportions in the Americas,” said Dr.
James Hospedales, PAHO/WHO senior advisor on chronic diseases. “Latin
America and especially the Caribbean now have among the highest diabetes
rates in the world, and if we don’t take action now—especially to slow
rising rates of obesity—the trend will only get worse.”
PAHO/WHO estimates that some 62.8 million people in the Americas suffer
from diabetes (2011 data). If current trends continue, this number is
expected to increase to 91.1 million by 2030. In Latin America, the
number of people with diabetes is projected to increase from 25 million
to 40 million by 2030, and in North America and the English-speaking
Caribbean, the number will increase from 38 million to 51 million during
the same period, according to PAHO/WHO estimates.
Worldwide, WHO estimates that more than 346 million people have
diabetes, with the number expected to more than double by 2030 if
current trends continue.
Diabetes is strongly linked to overweight and obesity, which are also
on the upswing in the Americas and worldwide. Survey data from countries
in the Americas show that rates of obesity (Body Mass Index ≥ 30) in
adults range from 15% in Canada to 30% or more in Belize, Mexico, and
the United States.
Surveys also show that obesity and overweight are increasing in all age
groups: 7% to 12% of children under 5 and one in five adolescents in
the Americas are obese, and among adults, rates of overweight and
obesity approach 60%.
If left uncontrolled, diabetes can cause damage to the eyes
(potentially leading to blindness), kidneys (leading to renal failure),
and nerves (leading to impotence and foot disorders, many requiring
amputation). Diabetes also increases the risk of heart disease, stroke,
and insufficient blood flow to legs. Studies have shown that good
metabolic control prevents or delays such complications. Good foot care,
regular eye exams, and control of blood pressure are also essential,
especially to prevent amputations and blindness.
Diabetes poses a major and growing challenge for health systems,
experts say. People with diabetes need comprehensive, coordinated, and
evidence-based care that promotes a central role for patients and their
families.
“Patient education and involvement is absolutely key to promote better
self-management of diabetes,” says Hospedales. “This includes
self-monitoring of blood glucose levels and being alert to the signs of
possible complications.”
Equally important is prevention. To help prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications, people should:
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Achieve and maintain a healthy body weight.
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Be physically active, with at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity on most days and more for weight control.
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Eat a healthy diet, including three to five servings of fruit and
vegetables per day and reduced intake of sugar and saturated fats.
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Avoid tobacco use, which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Drink less alcohol.
This year’s World Diabetes Day—whose slogan is “Diabetes: protect our
future” — is part of a five-year campaign led by the International
Diabetes Federation to promote diabetes education and prevention. This
year’s campaign targets children and young people with education and
prevention messages to encourage early awareness of the risks and
dangers of diabetes and the importance of healthy eating and physical
activity to prevent type 2 diabetes.
World Diabetes Day 2012 campaign materials include posters featuring
the warning signs of diabetes (frequent urination, weight loss, lack of
energy, and excessive thirst), risk factors (family history, lack of
exercise, unhealthy diets, and excess body weight), and physical
activities that can help prevent the disease (brisk walking, dancing,
swimming, and cycling). The prevention poster notes that 30 minutes of
exercise per day can reduce a person’s risk of developing type 2
diabetes by 40%.
For more information on diabetes and its prevention, visit the links below.
Facts on diabetes in the Americas
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In the Americas, diabetes prevalence in adults is highest in the
countries of the English-speaking Caribbean, followed by populations
living on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border.
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The highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes is found among the Pima
Indians of Arizona, among whom almost all adults develop diabetes.
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In Mexico and in the majority of the countries of Central and South
America and the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, diabetes prevalence has been
reported between 8% and 10%.
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The lowest reported prevalence of diabetes in the Americas was in Tegucigalpa, Honduras (6.1%).
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In North America, African- and Mexican-Americans show greater risk for
diabetes than Caucasian Americans, due to both heredity and
environmental factors, such as poor nutrition and lack of exercise.
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Survey data show that the percentage of people with diabetes whose
blood sugar is not controlled is as high as 66% in Chile (2009), 70% in
Veracruz, Mexico (2005), 63% on the Mexican side of the U.S. border and
58% among Latinos on the U.S. side (2001-2002), and 54% in Costa Rica
(2010).
PAHO, which celebrates its 110th anniversary this year, is
the oldest international public health organization in the world. It
works with its member countries to improve the health and the quality of
life of the people of the Americas. It also serves as the Regional
Office for the Americas of WHO.